In a historic and alarming escalation of political repression, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus has officially designated the Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Hramada), or BSDP, as an “extremist formation.” This marks the first time in the country’s history that a legally registered democratic opposition party has received such a designation.
The decision, issued on May 7, extends beyond the organization itself. Authorities have also labeled key individuals within the party as extremists, including its current chairman, and have blacklisted associated social media accounts and email addresses. The move effectively criminalizes any affiliation with the BSDP or its online presence.
Founded in 1991, the BSDP operated legally for more than three decades and was a prominent voice for social-democratic values in Belarus. The party had more than 1,100 members before it was stripped of its legal registration by the Supreme Court in 2023. Following its forced dissolution, the party ceased operations within Belarus for security reasons, and leadership responsibilities were transferred to members now living in exile.
Despite its domestic challenges, the BSDP maintained ties with the international social democratic movement. It is a full member of the Progressive Alliance and was granted observer status in the Party of European Socialists (PES) at the end of 2023.
Human rights organizations and international observers are warning that the extremist label could signal a new wave of political persecution. The BSDP itself has stated that it expects intensified repression following this decision, including the potential arrest of former members and the confiscation of their private property.
Before its liquidation, the BSDP had already faced sustained government pressure. At least 18 of its members were recognized as political prisoners, nine of whom remain behind bars. One of the party’s most tragic losses was the death of Ihar Lednik, a prominent member who died while imprisoned.
This latest development underscores the full-scale dictatorship in Belarus and the immense risks faced by political dissidents, even those long committed to peaceful, democratic engagement. For European partners, it is key to remain vocal about our Belarusian colleagues, as their struggle also represents the broader European struggle for democracy, justice and accountability.
